用SQL SELECT 语句而非存储过程来画基本几何图形,以加深对 SELECT 语句的理解。因为 SELECT 语句隐含了一个或多个循环,看上去只是一个语句,其实包含了一个完整的程序所包含的顺序、分支、循环,因此不必用存储过程就能实现一般的程序的功能 需要有一个表
- 用SQL SELECT 语句而非存储过程来画基本几何图形,以加深对 SELECT 语句的理解。因为 SELECT 语句隐含了一个或多个循环,看上去只是一个语句,其实包含了一个完整的程序所包含的顺序、分支、循环,因此不必用存储过程就能实现一般的程序的功能
- 需要有一个表有 100 行以上的数据,数据是什么没关系,因为下面的语句已经避开使用数据库记录中的数据了。如果没有现成的就使用如下代码生成一个吧:
语句
DELIMITER ;; DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_num;; CREATE PROCEDURE test_num(MAX_COUNT INTEGER) BEGIN DECLARE i INTEGER; SET i = 0; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS number; CREATE TABLE number(num INT(10), PRIMARY KEY (num)); WHILE i < MAX_COUNT DO INSERT INTO number(num) VALUES (i); SET i = i + 1; END WHILE; END;; DELIMITER ; CALL test_num(100);
- 画横线
语句
SET @w := 24; # 宽 <span>SELECT</span> repeat(<span>"*"</span>, @w) AS line;
结果+--------------------------+ | line | +--------------------------+ | ************************ | +--------------------------+
- 画竖线
语句
SET @h := 12; # 高 SET @y := 0; # y 座标 <span>SELECT</span> <span>"*"</span> AS line <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < @h and @y := @y + 1;
结果+------+ | line | +------+ | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | +------+
- 画斜线
语句
SET @h := 12; # 高 SET @y := 0; # y 座标 SET @rate := 2; # x y 座标比例(斜率倒数) <span>SELECT</span> lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @y * @rate, <span>" "</span>) AS line <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < @h and @y := @y + 1;
结果+--------------------------+ | line | +--------------------------+ | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | +--------------------------+
- 画XX
语句
SET @h := 12; # 高 SET @w := 24; # 宽 SET @y := 0; # y 座标 SET @rate := @w / @h; # x y 座标比例(斜率倒数) <span> SELECT</span> X <span>FROM</span> ( <span> SELECT</span> concat(lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @y * @rate - 1, <span>" "</span>), repeat(<span>" "</span>, @w - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1), IF(@w - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1 <= 0, <span>"", "</span>*")) AS X <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < @h / 2 and @y := @y + 1 UNION ALL <span> SELECT</span> concat(lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @y * @rate - 1, <span>" "</span>), repeat(<span>" "</span>, @w - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1), IF(@w - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1 <= 0, <span>"", "</span>*")) AS X <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < @h and (@y := @y - 1) > 0 ) AS Temp; -
结果
+-----------------------+ | X | +-----------------------+ | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | +-----------------------+
- 画矩形
语句
SET @x := 0; # x 座标 SET @rate := 2; # x y 轴长比例,调整显示效果 SET @h := 12; # 长 SET @w := 12; # 宽 <span> SELECT</span> rect <span>FROM</span> ( <span>SELECT</span> repeat(<span>"*"</span>, @w * @rate) AS rect UNION ALL <span> SELECT</span> concat(<span>"*"</span>, repeat(<span>" "</span>, @w * @rate - 2), <span>"*"</span>) <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @x < @h and @x := @x + 1 UNION ALL <span>SELECT</span> repeat(<span>"*"</span>, @w * @rate) ) AS Temp; -
-
结果
+--------------------------+ | rect | +--------------------------+ | ************************ | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | ************************ | +--------------------------+
- 把XX用矩形框起来
语句
SET @h := 12; # 高 SET @w := 24; # 宽 SET @y := 0; # y 座标 SET @rate := @w / @h; # x y 座标比例(斜率倒数) <span> SELECT</span> rectXX <span>FROM</span> ( <span>SELECT</span> repeat(<span>"*"</span>, (@w - 2 * 2)) AS rectXX UNION ALL <span>SELECT</span> concat(<span>"*"</span>, lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @y * @rate - 1, <span>" "</span>), repeat(<span>" "</span>, (@w - 2 * 2) - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1), IF((@w - 2 * 2) - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1 <= 0, <span>"", "</span>*<span>"), repeat("</span> <span>", @y * @rate - 1), "</span>*") <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < (@h - 2) / 2 and @y := @y + 1 UNION ALL <span> SELECT</span> concat(<span>"*"</span>, lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @y * @rate - 1, <span>" "</span>), repeat(<span>" "</span>, (@w - 2 * 2) - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1), IF((@w - 2 * 2) - 2 * @y * @rate - 2 + 1 <= 0, <span>"", "</span>*<span>"), repeat("</span> <span>", @y * @rate - 1), "</span>*") <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> @y < (@h - 2) and (@y := @y - 1) > 0 UNION ALL <span>SELECT</span> repeat(<span>"*"</span>, (@w - 2 * 2)) AS rect ) AS Temp; -
结果
+----------------------+ | rectXX | +----------------------+ | ******************** | | ** * * | | * * * * | | * * * * | | * * * * | | * * * | | * * * * | | * * * * | | * * * * | | ** * * | | ******************** | +----------------------+
- 画等腰三角形
语句
SET @h := 10; # 高 SET @w := 10; # 底 SET @x := 0; # x 座标 SET @y := 0; # y 座标 SET @k := @w/@h/2; # 1/2底高比例,即边的斜率的倒数 SET @rate := 2; # x y 轴比例,调整显示效果 <span>SELECT</span> concat(repeat(<span>" "</span>, @rate * (@w / 2 - (@y - 1) * @k) - 1), <span>"*"</span>, repeat(IF(@y = @h, <span>"*"</span>, <span>" "</span>), @rate * (2 * (@y - 1) * @k) - 1), IF(@y = 1, <span>"", "</span>*")) AS triangle <span>FROM</span> number <span> WHERE</span> (@y := @y + 1) AND @y <= @h;
结果+---------------------+ | triangle | +---------------------+ | * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | ******************* | +---------------------+
- 画正弦曲线
语句
SET @x := 0; # x 座标 SET @offset := 15; # y 偏移 SET @am := 15; # 振幅 SET @rate := 10; # x y 轴比例(影响波长),调整显示效果 SET @len := 30; # 长度 <span> SELECT</span> lpad(<span>"*"</span>, round(@am * sin(@x * 3.14 / @rate) + @offset) + 1, ' ') AS 'sin' <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> (@x := @x + 1) < @len;
结果+---------------------------------+ | sin | +---------------------------------+ | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | +---------------------------------+
- 画圆
语句
SET @r := 12; # 半径 SET @d := 2 * (@r + 1); # 图形范围,即直径(避免减到0,偏移 1) SET @x := 0; # x 座标 SET @y := @r + 1; # y 座标 SET @rate := 2; # x y 轴长比例,调整显示效果 <span> SELECT</span> circle <span>FROM</span> ( <span>SELECT</span> @x := round(@rate * sqrt(pow(@r, 2) - pow(@y, 2))) + 1, concat(lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @d - @x, <span>" "</span>), lpad(<span>"*"</span>, 2 * @x, <span>" "</span>)) AS circle <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> (@y := @y - 1) > 0 AND @y <= @r UNION ALL <span>SELECT</span> @x := round(@rate * sqrt(pow(@r, 2) - pow(@y, 2))) + 1, concat(lpad(<span>"*"</span>, @d - @x, <span>" "</span>), lpad(<span>"*"</span>, 2 * @x, <span>" "</span>)) AS circle <span>FROM</span> number <span>WHERE</span> (@y := @y + 1) > 0 AND @y <= @r ) AS Temp;结果+-----------------------------------------------------+ | circle | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | | * * | +-----------------------------------------------------+
- UNION 后再用一个 SELECT 仅是包装一下,看起来像一个整体,不那么松散
- 回头想想,上面用了 UNION 的都可以用 IF 来整合在一个语句里,不过会显得很臃肿
- 亚丹
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