Oracle 11gR2 RAC 使用scan IP无法连接数据库（ORA-12545）问题解决
环境：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
# Public
192.168.2.101 rac1
192.168.2.102 rac2
# Private
192.168.0.101 rac1-priv
192.168.0.102 rac2-priv
# Virtual
192.168.2.111 rac1-vip
192.168.2.112 rac2-vip
# SCAN
192.168.2.200 rac-scan
现象：
在windows客户端sqlplus工具使用scan的IP无法连接，报错如下：
C:\Users\WJW>sqlplus system/qweasd@192.168.2.200:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu May 17 12:35:28 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
检查各组件状态，，正常：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.eons ora.eons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.orcl.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
检查监听器状态，正常：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-MAY-2012 13:27:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-MAY-2012 12:19:51
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 7 min. 50 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.101)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.111)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@rac2 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-MAY-2012 13:28:23
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-MAY-2012 12:19:51
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 8 min. 32 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rac2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.112)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.102)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@rac1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener_scan1
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-MAY-2012 13:29:09
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER_SCAN1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-MAY-2012 12:21:31
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 7 min. 37 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.200)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "orcl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "orcl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
原因：
metalink说明：Client is able to resolve all Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) SCAN and VIP name but not short ones(without domain name) as its in different domain;
even though FQDN names were specified during Grid Infrastructure setup, due to bug 9150053 by default DBCA set database parameter local_listener to short node VIP name
while database is created.
因此只要把数据库实例参数local_listener内的host改为vip的IP地址即可
解决办法：
rac1:
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1
-vip)(PORT=1521))))
SQL> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.111)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='orcl1';
SQL> alter system register;
rac2:
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac2
-vip)(PORT=1521))))
SQL> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.112)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='orcl2';
SQL> alter system register;
随后使用windows客户端连接成功：
C:\Users\WJW>sqlplus system/qweasd@192.168.2.200:1521/orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu May 17 13:14:39 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
