HTML文档基本结构包括、、和。其中，定义元数据如标题、字符集（UTF-8）以避免乱码，标签用于设置keywords、description、viewport等信息，引入CSS，加载JavaScript，包含页面主体内容。
HTML文档的基本结构主要包括
、和这三个核心标签。是根元素，包裹整个HTML文档；包含文档的元数据，如标题、字符集等；则包含用户在浏览器中看到的所有内容。解决方案 HTML文档的基本结构就像一栋房子的地基和框架。
声明文档类型，告诉浏览器使用哪个HTML版本来解析文档。然后，标签是整个文档的根元素，所有其他标签都嵌套在它里面。 标签则像是房子的设计图和装修。它包含文档的元数据，这些信息不会直接显示在页面上，但对浏览器、搜索引擎和其他服务至关重要。例如：</pre>：定义浏览器选项卡或窗口标题，也是搜索引擎结果中显示的标题。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta></pre>：提供关于HTML文档的元数据，如字符集（<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">charset</pre>）、关键词（<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">keywords</pre>）、描述（<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">description</pre>）等。字符集通常设置为<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre>，以支持各种字符。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><link></pre>：链接外部资源，如CSS样式表（<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel="stylesheet"</pre>）和网站图标（<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel="icon"</pre>）。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><style></pre>：直接在HTML文档中嵌入CSS样式，但不推荐大量使用，最好放在外部样式表中。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><script></pre>：嵌入或链接JavaScript代码，用于实现页面的动态效果和交互功能。</li> </ul> <p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><body></pre>标签是房子的主体，包含了用户在浏览器中看到的所有内容，如文本、图像、链接、表单等。这是HTML文档中最主要的部分，也是开发者花费最多时间编写的部分。</p> <h3>HTML文档的字符集声明<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="为什么" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/92702.html" target="_blank">为什么</a>这么重要？</h3> <p>字符集声明，通常通过<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta charset="UTF-8"></pre>来实现，它告诉浏览器使用哪种字符编码来解析HTML文档。如果字符集声明不正确或缺失，浏览器可能会使用错误的编码，导致页面显示乱码。<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre>是一种通用的字符编码，支持世界上几乎所有的字符，因此通常被推荐使用。</p> <p><span>立即学习</span>“<a href="https://pan.quark.cn/s/cb6835dc7db1" style="text-decoration: underline !important; color: blue; font-weight: bolder;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">前端免费学习笔记（深入）</a>”；</p> <p>想象一下，如果你用中文写了一封信，但收信人却用英文的编码来阅读，那么信的内容就会变成一堆乱码。字符集声明的作用就是确保浏览器使用正确的“语言”来理解HTML文档的内容，从而避免乱码问题。</p> <h3><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><head></pre>中的<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta></pre>标签有哪些常见的属性和用途？</h3> <p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta></pre>标签有很多属性，其中最常见的包括：</p><div class="aritcle_card flexRow"> <div class="artcardd flexRow"> <a class="aritcle_card_img" href="/xiazai/shouce/1950" title="Android架构基本知识 中文WORD版"><img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/manual/000/000/010/170917920842582.png" alt="Android架构基本知识 中文WORD版"></a> <div class="aritcle_card_info flexColumn"> <a href="/xiazai/shouce/1950" title="Android架构基本知识 中文WORD版">Android架构基本知识 中文WORD版</a> <p>本文档主要讲述的是Android架构基本知识；Android依赖Linux内核2.6来提供核心服务，比如进程管理、网络协议栈、硬件驱动。在这里，Linux内核作为硬件层和系统软件栈层之间的一个抽象层。这个操作系统并非类GNU/Linux的，因为其系统库，系统初始化和编程接口都和标准的Linux系统是有所不同的。 Android 包含一些C/C++库、媒体库、数据库引擎库等等，这些库能被Android系统中不同的组件使用，通过 Android 应用程序框架为开发者提供服务。希望本文档会给有需要的朋友带来帮助</p> </div> <a href="/xiazai/shouce/1950" title="Android架构基本知识 中文WORD版" class="aritcle_card_btn flexRow flexcenter"><b></b><span>下载</span> </a> </div> </div> <ul> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">charset</pre>：指定文档的字符集，如<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre>。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">name</pre>：指定元数据的类型，常见的有<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">keywords</pre>、<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">description</pre>、<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">author</pre>、<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre>等。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">content</pre>：指定元数据的值，与<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">name</pre>属性配合使用。</li> </ul> <p>例如：</p> <ul> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, JavaScript"></pre>：指定页面的关键词，有助于<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="搜索引擎优化" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/35883.html" target="_blank">搜索引擎优化</a>（SEO）。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta name="description" content="This is a sample HTML document."></pre>：指定页面的描述，显示在搜索引擎结果中，吸引用户点击。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta name="author" content="John Doe"></pre>：指定页面的作者。</li> <li><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"></pre>：配置移动设备的视口，确保页面在不同设备上正确显示。</li> </ul> <p>关于<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre>，尤其需要注意。它控制着页面在移动设备上的缩放和显示方式。<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">width=device-width</pre>告诉浏览器使用设备的宽度作为页面的宽度，<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">initial-scale=1.0</pre>设置初始缩放比例为1.0。如果没有正确配置<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre>，页面在移动设备上可能会显示得过小或过大，影响用户体验。</p> <h3>如何在HTML文档中引入外部CSS样式表和JavaScript文件？</h3> <p>引入外部CSS样式表，可以使用<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><link></pre>标签，并将<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel</pre>属性设置为<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">stylesheet</pre>，<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">href</pre>属性设置为CSS文件的路径。例如：</p><pre class='brush:html;toolbar:false;'><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"></pre><p>引入外部JavaScript文件，可以使用<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><script></pre>标签，并将<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">src</pre>属性设置为JavaScript文件的路径。例如：</p><pre class='brush:html;toolbar:false;'><script src="script.js"></script></pre><p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><link></pre>标签通常放在<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><head></pre>标签中，因为CSS样式应该在页面加载之前加载完成，以避免页面闪烁或样式错乱。<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><script></pre>标签可以放在<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><head></pre>标签中或<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><body></pre>标签的底部。放在<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><body></pre>底部可以确保在HTML内容加载完成后再执行JavaScript代码，避免JavaScript代码阻塞页面渲染。但如果JavaScript代码需要在页面加载之前执行，或者使用了<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">async</pre>或<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">defer</pre>属性，则可以放在<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><head></pre>标签中。</p> <p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">async</pre>属性表示<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="异步加载" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/34044.html" target="_blank">异步加载</a>JavaScript文件，不会阻塞页面渲染。<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">defer</pre>属性表示<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" 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