首先设计Course和Student类，分别包含课程与学生的基本属性，并通过CourseRegistrationService管理报名逻辑；利用Map存储课程和学生信息，实现报名、退课与查询功能；在报名时检查课程是否已满、学生是否重复报名，确保数据一致性；最后通过测试用例验证系统正确性。该方案适用于小型应用，具备清晰的结构与完整的边界处理。
实现课程报名管理功能，核心是设计好数据模型和业务逻辑。Java中可以通过面向对象的方式构建课程、学生和报名关系，并结合集合类来管理数据。以下是具体实现思路和代码示例。
定义课程和学生类
先创建两个基础类：Course（课程）和Student（学生），用于表示基本实体。
- Course 包含课程ID、名称、最大容量等属性
- Student 包含学号、姓名等信息
示例代码：
class Course {
private String courseId;
private String name;
private int maxStudents;
private List enrolledStudents;
public Course(String courseId, String name, int maxStudents) {
this.courseId = courseId;
this.name = name;
this.maxStudents = maxStudents;
this.enrolledStudents = new ArrayList<>();
}
// getter 方法
public String getCourseId() { return courseId; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public int getMaxStudents() { return maxStudents; }
public List getEnrolledStudents() { return enrolledStudents; }
public int getCurrentEnrollment() {
return enrolledStudents.size();
}
public boolean isFull() {
return getCurrentEnrollment() >= maxStudents;
} }
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class Student {
private String studentId;
private String name;
public Student(String studentId, String name) {
this.studentId = studentId;
this.name = name;
}
// getter 方法
public String getStudentId() { return studentId; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (!(o instanceof Student)) return false;
Student s = (Student) o;
return studentId.equals(s.studentId);
}
public int hashCode() {
return studentId.hashCode();
}}
实现报名管理服务
创建一个 CourseRegistrationService 类来处理报名逻辑，包括添加学生、取消报名、查询状态等功能。
- 使用 Map 存储所有课程，便于通过 ID 查找
- 报名时检查课程是否已满或学生是否重复报名
示例代码：
class CourseRegistrationService {
private Map courses;
private Map students;
public CourseRegistrationService() {
this.courses = new HashMap<>();
this.students = new HashMap<>();
}
public void addCourse(Course course) {
courses.put(course.getCourseId(), course);
}
public void addStudent(Student student) {
students.put(student.getStudentId(), student);
}
public boolean registerStudent(String courseId, String studentId) {
Course course = courses.get(courseId);
Student student = students.get(studentId);
if (course == null || student == null) {
System.out.println("课程或学生不存在");
return false;
}
if (course.isFull()) {
System.out.println("课程 " + course.getName() + " 已满");
return false;
}
if (course.getEnrolledStudents().contains(student)) {
System.out.println("该学生已报名此课程");
return false;
}
course.getEnrolledStudents().add(student);
System.out.println(student.getName() + " 成功报名 " + course.getName());
return true;
}
public boolean unregisterStudent(String courseId, String studentId) {
Course course = courses.get(courseId);
Student student = students.get(studentId);
if (course != null && student != null) {
if (course.getEnrolledStudents().remove(student)) {
System.out.println(student.getName() + " 已退出 " + course.getName());
return true;
} else {
System.out.println("该学生未报名此课程");
}
} else {
System.out.println("课程或学生不存在");
}
return false;
}
public void printCourseInfo(String courseId) {
Course course = courses.get(courseId);
if (course != null) {
System.out.println("课程: " + course.getName());
System.out.println("已报名人数: " + course.getCurrentEnrollment() +
"/" + course.getMaxStudents());
System.out.println("学员列表:");
for (Student s : course.getEnrolledStudents()) {
System.out.println(" - " + s.getName() + " (" + s.getStudentId() + ")");
}
} else {
System.out.println("课程不存在");
}
}}
测试与使用示例
编写主程序验证功能是否正常运行。
public class RegistrationDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CourseRegistrationService service = new CourseRegistrationService();
// 创建课程
Course javaCourse = new Course("C001", "Java编程", 2);
Course webCourse = new Course("C002", "Web开发", 3);
// 创建学生
Student s1 = new Student("S001", "张三");
Student s2 = new Student("S002", "李四");
Student s3 = new Student("S003", "王五");
// 注册课程和学生
service.addCourse(javaCourse);
service.addCourse(webCourse);
service.addStudent(s1);
service.addStudent(s2);
service.addStudent(s3);
// 报名操作
service.registerStudent("C001", "S001");
service.registerStudent("C001", "S002");
service.registerStudent("C001", "S003"); // 应提示已满
service.registerStudent("C002", "S001");
service.registerStudent("C002", "S002");
// 打印信息
service.printCourseInfo("C001");
service.printCourseInfo("C002");
}}
基本上就这些。这个实现适合小型系统，如果需要持久化，可以引入数据库或文件存储。关键点在于控制报名边界条件，比如重复报名、超员等情况的处理。结构清晰、逻辑完整就能稳定运行。
