答案：该系统通过面向对象设计实现学校排课，核心类包括教师、课程、班级、教室、时间段和排课结果，Scheduler类负责资源协调与冲突检测，确保教师授课资格和时间唯一性，最终生成无冲突课表并支持扩展功能。
实现一个学校排课系统，核心是合理分配教师、课程、班级、教室和时间。采用面向对象设计能让结构清晰、易于维护与扩展。下面是一个结构化的Java项目示例，展示如何通过类的设计完成基本的排课功能。
1. 核心类设计
系统围绕几个关键实体建模：教师、课程、班级、教室、时间段和排课结果。
Teacher 类表示教师信息，包含姓名和可教课程列表。
public class Teacher {
private String name;
private List taughtCourses;
public Teacher(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.taughtCourses = new ArrayList<>();
}
public void addCourse(String courseName) {
taughtCourses.add(courseName);
}
// getter 方法
public String getName() { return name; }
public List getTaughtCourses() { return taughtCourses; }
}
Course 类
表示一门课程，包含名称和所需课时数。
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public class Course {
private String name;
private int periodsPerWeek; // 每周课时
public Course(String name, int periodsPerWeek) {
this.name = name;
this.periodsPerWeek = periodsPerWeek;
}
// getter 方法
public String getName() { return name; }
public int getPeriodsPerWeek() { return periodsPerWeek; }
}
ClassRoom 类
代表一个教学班级，如“高一(1)班”。
public class ClassRoom {
private String className;
public ClassRoom(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
public String getClassName() { return className; }
}
Room 类
表示物理教室，有编号和容量。
public class Room {
private String roomId;
private int capacity;
public Room(String roomId, int capacity) {
this.roomId = roomId;
this.capacity = capacity;
}
public String getRoomId() { return roomId; }
public int getCapacity() { return capacity; }
}
TimeSlot 类
表示一个时间片段，如“周一上午第2节”。
public class TimeSlot {
private String day; // 如 "Monday"
private int period; // 第几节课
public TimeSlot(String day, int period) {
this.day = day;
this.period = period;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (!(o instanceof TimeSlot)) return false;
TimeSlot timeSlot = (TimeSlot) o;
return period == timeSlot.period && day.equals(timeSlot.day);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(day, period);
}
public String toString() {
return day + " 第" + period + "节";
}
}
2. 排课安排类 ScheduleEntry
每一条排课记录由多个维度组成。
public class ScheduleEntry {
private ClassRoom classroom;
private Course course;
private Teacher teacher;
private Room room;
private TimeSlot timeSlot;
public ScheduleEntry(ClassRoom classroom, Course course, Teacher teacher, Room room, TimeSlot timeSlot) {
this.classroom = classroom;
this.course = course;
this.teacher = teacher;
this.room = room;
this.timeSlot = timeSlot;
}
public TimeSlot getTimeSlot() { return timeSlot; }
public Teacher getTeacher() { return teacher; }
public ClassRoom getClassroom() { return classroom; }
public Course getCourse() { return course; }
public Room getRoom() { return room; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return classroom.getClassName() + " 在 " + timeSlot +
" 上 " + course.getName() + "（" + teacher.getName() +
" 教，教室：" + room.getRoomId() + "）";
}
}
3. 排课管理器 Scheduler
负责协调资源，生成课表，避免冲突。
public class Scheduler {
private List schedule;
private Set occupiedSlots; // 全局时间占用检查
public Scheduler() {
this.schedule = new ArrayList<>();
this.occupiedSlots = new HashSet<>();
}
public boolean assignClass(
ClassRoom classroom,
Course course,
Teacher teacher,
Room room,
TimeSlot timeSlot) {
// 检查教师是否能教这门课
if (!teacher.getTaughtCourses().contains(course.getName())) {
System.out.println("教师 " + teacher.getName() + " 不能教 " + course.getName());
return false;
}
// 检查时间是否已被占用
if (occupiedSlots.contains(timeSlot)) {
System.out.println("时间冲突：" + timeSlot + " 已被占用");
return false;
}
// 创建排课条目
ScheduleEntry entry = new ScheduleEntry(classroom, course, teacher, room, timeSlot);
schedule.add(entry);
occupiedSlots.add(timeSlot);
System.out.println("排课成功：" + entry);
return true;
}
public void printSchedule() {
System.out.println("\n=== 当前课表 ===");
for (ScheduleEntry entry : schedule) {
System.out.println(entry);
}
}
}
4. 使用示例
在主程序中创建对象并调用排课逻辑。
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建教师
Teacher t1 = new Teacher("张老师");
t1.addCourse("数学");
Teacher t2 = new Teacher("李老师");
t2.addCourse("英语");
// 创建课程
Course math = new Course("数学", 5);
Course english = new Course("英语", 4);
// 创建班级
ClassRoom c1 = new ClassRoom("高一(1)班");
// 创建教室
Room r101 = new Room("R101", 50);
// 创建排课器
Scheduler scheduler = new Scheduler();
// 安排课程
TimeSlot slot1 = new TimeSlot("Monday", 1);
TimeSlot slot2 = new TimeSlot("Monday", 2);
scheduler.assignClass(c1, math, t1, r101, slot1);
scheduler.assignClass(c1, english, t2, r101, slot2);
// 尝试重复时间（应失败）
scheduler.assignClass(c1, math, t1, r101, slot1);
// 输出结果
scheduler.printSchedule();
}
}
基本上就这些。这个结构化设计实现了基础排课功能，支持扩展，比如加入课程类型限制、教师最大课时、教室类型匹配等。通过封装和职责分离，代码更易测试和维护。不复杂但容易忽略细节，比如时间唯一性校验和教师授课资格判断。
