CSS颜色打印样式优化_确保黑白打印下的内容可辨识度

打印时颜色变灰是浏览器默认省墨行为，需用color-adjust: exact和-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact启用；background-image不打印，应改用伪元素符号或内联svg；黑白打印下色差失效，须依赖明度对比、边框纹理和文字标注。

打印时颜色全变灰？color 和 background-color 默认被忽略

浏览器打印样式默认会禁用大部分颜色，尤其 background-color 几乎一律清空（Chrome、Firefox、Safari 均如此），color 也可能降为灰度。这不是 bug，是浏览器为节省墨水做的默认行为。

必须显式启用颜色打印：

• 在 @media print 块中加 -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;（Chrome/Safari）
• 加 color-adjust: exact;（Firefox/现代标准）
• 对关键元素单独声明 background-color 和 color，不能依赖继承

@media print {
  * {
    -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
    color-adjust: exact;
  }
  .status-success {
    background-color: #4caf50 !important;
    color: white !important;
  }
}

background-image 打印不出来？别依赖它传信息

绝大多数浏览器默认不打印 background-image，哪怕加了 color-adjust: exact 也无效——这是 CSS 打印规范明确允许的“可选忽略”项。

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如果需要在黑白打印中保留图标或状态标识，改用以下方式：

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• 用 ::before 或 ::after 插入 Unicode 符号（如 ✅、⚠️、●），它们可打印且无颜色依赖
• 把图标转为内联 <svg></svg> 或 <img src="data:image/svg+xml,...>%EF%BC%8C%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%9D%E6%98%AF%20HTML%20%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E8%80%8C%E9%9D%9E%20CSS%20%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF
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• %E6%98%8E%E5%BA%A6%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94%EF%BC%9A%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%9D%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E9%9C%80%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%B6%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%B7%AE%20>%200.3%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%A8%20getContrastRatio()%20%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%AA%8C%E7%AE%97%EF%BC%89
• %E7%BA%B9%E7%90%86/%E8%BE%B9%E6%A1%86%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%99%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E8%BE%B9%E6%A1%86%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%88border-style:%20dashed%20/%20dotted%EF%BC%89%E6%88%96%E7%B2%97%E7%BB%86%EF%BC%88border-width:%202px%EF%BC%89
• %E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%A0%87%E6%B3%A8%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%AA%E9%9D%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%9D%97%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%81%E8%BE%B9%E5%8A%A0%E3%80%8C%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E3%80%8D%E3%80%8C%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%A1%E6%A0%B8%E3%80%8D%E7%AD%89%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97

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• %E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%8D%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%AE%83%E4%BC%9A%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%A6%86%E7%9B%96%20CSS%20%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%20color-adjust
• PDF%20%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA%E5%90%8E%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2%EF%BC%9AChrome%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%A6%E5%AD%98%E4%B8%BA%20PDF%E3%80%8D%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2%EF%BC%8C%E9%9C%80%E6%89%8B%E5%8A%A8%E5%8B%BE%E9%80%89%20Save%20as%20grayscale%20%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%89
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