<span><span><span>#</span>Nginx的Web缓存服务与新浪网的开源NCACHE模块</span><span></span></span><span><span><span>##</span>什么是web缓存</span><span></span><span> Web缓存位于内容源web服务器和客户端之间，当用户访问一个 URL时，web缓存服务器回去后端web源服务器取回要输出的内容，然后，当下一个请求到来时，如果访问的是相同的URL，web缓存服务器直接输出内容给客户端，而不是像源服务器再次发送请求。web缓存降低了内容源web服务器、数据库的负载，减轻了网络延迟，提高了用户的响应速度，增强了用户体验。</span><span></span><span>最著名的还要数Squid Cache，其主要在Unix一类系统运行。</span><span></span></span><span><span><span>##</span>Nginx的Web缓存服务</span><span></span><span>Nginx从0.7.48后支持类似于Squid的缓存模块。这个缓存是把URL及相关组合当做key，用md5算法对key进行希哈，得到硬盘上对应的希哈路径，从而将缓存内容保存在该目录内。支持任意URL链接。同时也支持404/301/302这样的非200状态码。</span><span></span><span>Nginx的Web缓存服务主要用于proxy_cache相关指令集和fastcgi相关指令集构成，前者用于反向代理时，对后端内容源进行缓存，后者主要用于对FastCDI的动态程序进行缓存。两者功能基本一样。</span><span></span></span><span><span><span>###</span>proxy_cache相关指令集</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>1、proxy_cache指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache zone<span>_</span></span>name;</span><span></span><span>默认值：none</span><span></span><span>使用环境：http,server,location</span><span></span><span>该指令用于设置那个缓存区将被应用，zone<span><span>_</span>name的值为proxy<span>_</span></span>cache_path指令创建的缓存区明称。</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>2、proxy_cache_path指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>path path<span><span><span>[</span><span>levels=number</span><span>]</span></span>keys_z <span><span>[</span><span>max_size=size</span><span>]</span></span></span>;</span><span></span><span>默认值：none</span><span></span><span>使用环境：HTTP</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>eg：<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>path /data0/proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>dir levels=1:2 keys<span><span>_</span>z>_</span></span>one: 500m inactive=1d max_size=30g;</span><span></span><span>注意该指令只能在http标签内配置，levels指定该缓存有两层hash目录，第一层为1个字母，第二层为2个字母，保存文件名类似于/data0/proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>dir/c/29/fdg35415fg35f4gsdf2g1535gh465h;key<span><span>_</span>zone参数用来为缓存区起名，500m指定内存空间大小为500MB；inactive的1d是如果缓存数据在1天之内没有被访问，将被删除；max<span>_</span></span>size的30g是指硬盘的缓存空间为30GB。</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>3proxy_cache_methods指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>methods [GET HEAD POST];</span><span></span><span>默认值：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>methods GET HEAD;</span><span></span><span>使用环境：http，server，location</span><span></span><span>该指令用于设置用于缓存那些HTTP方法，默认缓存 HTTP GET/HEAD 方法，不缓存HTTP POST方法。</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>4proxy_cache_min_uses指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>min<span><span>_</span>uses the<span>_</span></span>number；</span><span></span><span>默认值：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>min_uses 1；</span><span></span><span>使用环境：http，server，location</span><span></span><span>该指令设置缓存最小的使用次数，默认值是1.</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>5、proxy_cache_valid指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>valid reply<span><span>_</span>code [reply<span>_</span></span>code...]time;</span><span></span><span>默认值：none</span><span></span><span>使用环境：http，server，location</span><span></span><span>该指令用于对不同的返回状态码的URL设置不同的缓存时间，例如：</span><span></span><span>proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>valid 200 302 10m；</span><span></span><span>proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>valid 404 1m;</span><span></span><span>如果不指定状态吗，直接指定时间，则只有200、301、302状态的URL缓存5分钟。</span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>6、proxy_cache_key指令<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span>语法：proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>key line;</span><span></span><span>默认值：none</span><span></span><span>使用环境：http，server，location</span><span></span><span>该指令用来设置web缓存的key值，Nginx根据key值md5希哈存储缓存。一般根据<span><span>`</span>‘$host(域名)、$request_uri(请求路径)’<span>`</span></span>等组合变量合成proxy<span><span>_</span>cache<span>_</span></span>key.例如：<span><span>`</span>proxy_cache_key "$host:$server_port$uri$is_args$args";<span>`</span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span>##</span>proxy_cache完整示例</span><span><span></span><span></span> su<span></span> yum -y install pcre//安装pcre<span></span> wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz<span></span> tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz//获取nginx_cache_purge<span></span> cd nginx-1.6.3//进入你的nginx文件目录（nginx安装请参考前面的博客）<span></span> ./configure --user=www --group=www --addmodule=../ngx_cache_purge-2.3 --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module<span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>配置nginx.conf<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span><span><span>**</span>cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf<span>**</span></span></span><span></span><span></span></span><span><span><span>```</span><span></span>#user www www;<span></span>worker_processes 1;<span></span><span></span>#error_log logs/error.log;<span></span>#error_log logs/error.log notice;<span></span>#error_log logs/error.log info;<span></span><span></span>#pid logs/nginx.pid;<span></span><span></span><span></span>events {<span></span> use epoll;<span></span> worker_connections 1024;<span></span>}<span></span><span></span><span></span>http {<span></span> include mime.types;<span></span> default_type application/octet-stream;<span></span><span></span> #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '<span></span> # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '<span></span> # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';<span></span><span></span> #access_log logs/access.log main;<span></span><span></span> #charset utf-8;<span></span><span></span> server_name_hash_bucket_size 128;<span></span> client_header_buffer_size 32k;<span></span> large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;<span></span><span></span> sendfile on;<span></span> #tcp_nopush on;<span></span><span></span> keepalive_timeout 30;<span></span><span></span> tcp_nodely on;<span></span><span></span> proxy_temp_path /data0/proxy_temp_path;<span></span><span></span> proxy_temp_path /data0/proxy_temp_path levels=1:2 key_z inactive=1d max_size=30g;<span></span> upstream my_sever_pool{<span></span> server 192.168.1.2:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;<span></span> server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;<span></span> server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;<span></span><span></span> }<span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span> #gzip on;<span></span><span></span> server {<span></span> listen 80;<span></span> server_name localhost;<span></span><span></span> #charset koi8-r;<span></span><span></span> #access_log logs/host.access.log main;<span></span><span></span> location / {<span></span> proxy_set_header Host $host;<span></span> proxy_set_header X-Forward-For $remote_addr;<span></span> proxy_pass http://my_server_pool;<span></span> # root html;<span></span> #index index.html index.htm;<span></span> }<span></span> location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$<span></span> {<span></span> #使用web缓存区cache_one<span></span> proxy_cache cache_one;<span></span><span></span> #对不同状态码设置不同缓存时间<span></span> proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;<span></span> proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;<span></span> proxy_cache_valid any im;<span></span> #设置web缓存的key值，nginx根据key值md5希哈存储缓存，这里根据“域名/URL 参数”组合成key。<span></span> proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;<span></span> #反向代理，访问后端内容源服务器<span></span> proxy_set_header Host $host;<span></span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;<span></span> proxy_pass http:my_server_pool;<span></span> }<span></span> #用于清除缓存，假设一个URL为http://my.domain.com/text.gif通过访问http://my.domain.com/purge/test.gif可以清除该URK缓存。<span></span> location ~ /purge(/.*)<span></span> {<span></span> #设定只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。<span></span> allow 127.0.0.1<span></span> allow 192.168.0.0/16;<span></span> deny all;<span></span> proxy_cache_purge cache_one $shot$1$is-args$args;<span></span> }<span></span> access_log 0ff<span></span><span></span> #error_page 404 /404.html;<span></span><span></span> # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html<span></span> #<span></span> error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;<span></span> location = /50x.html {<span></span> root html;<span></span> }<span></span><span></span> # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80<span></span> #<span></span> #location ~ \.php$ {<span></span> # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;<span></span> #}<span></span><span></span> # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000<span></span> #<span></span> #location ~ \.php$ {<span></span> # root html;<span></span> # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;<span></span> # fastcgi_index index.php;<span></span> # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;<span></span> # include fastcgi_params;<span></span> #}<span></span><span></span> # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root<span></span> # concurs with nginx's one<span></span> #<span></span> #location ~ /\.ht {<span></span> # deny all;<span></span> #}<span></span> }<span></span><span></span><span></span> # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration<span></span> #<span></span> #server {<span></span> # listen 8000;<span></span> # listen somename:8080;<span></span> # server_name somename alias another.alias;<span></span><span></span> # location / {<span></span> # root html;<span></span> # index index.html index.htm;<span></span> # }<span></span> #}<span></span><span></span><span></span> # HTTPS server<span></span> #<span></span> #server {<span></span> # listen 443 ssl;<span></span> # server_name localhost;<span></span><span></span> # ssl_certificate cert.pem;<span></span> # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;<span></span><span></span> # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;<span></span> # ssl_session_timeout 5m;<span></span><span></span> # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;<span></span> # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;<span></span><span></span> # location / {<span></span> # root html;<span></span> # index index.html index.htm;<span></span> # }<span></span> #}<span></span><span></span>}<span></span><span>```</span></span><span></span><span></span></span>
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Magento是一套专业开源的PHP电子商务系统。Magento设计得非常灵活，具有模块化架构体系和丰富的功能。易于与第三方应用系统无缝集成。Magento开源网店系统的特点主要分以下几大类，网站管理促销和工具国际化支持SEO搜索引擎优化结账方式运输快递支付方式客户服务用户帐户目录管理目录浏览产品展示分析和报表Magento 1.6 主要包含以下新特性：•持久性购物 - 为不同的
以上就介绍了Nginx的Web缓存服务与新浪网的开源NCACHE模块，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。
