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具体介绍历数Firefox2.0对XML处理的改进的代码实例（图）

黄舟

黄舟

发布时间：2017-03-15 17:04:26

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1852人浏览过

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来源于php中文网

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Firefox 2.0 在对 XML 的支持方面有几个重要的改进。目前它的用户部署如日中天。了解 Firefox 2.0 XML 特性的改进，包括在 RSS Web 提要处理方面有争议的变化。 被赋予新应用程序平台的角色后，现在 Web 浏览器可能是最热门的软件。对于软件开发人员来说这是令人激动的时
Firefox 2.0 在对 XML 的支持方面有几个重要的改进。目前它的用户部署如日中天。了解 Firefox 2.0 XML 特性的改进，包括在 RSS Web 提要处理方面有争议的变化。
被赋予新应用程序平台的角色后，现在 Web 浏览器可能是最热门的软件。对于软件开发人员来说这是令人激动的时刻，动态 HTML 技术以 Asynchronous JavaScript   XML (Ajax) 获得重生，Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 的开发得以恢复等等。过去两年中，关于 XML 和 Firefox 的 developerWorks 系列文章（请参阅 参考资料）介绍了以 1.8 版本的核心 Mozilla 浏览器引擎为基础的 Firefox 1.5 版。此后，Mozilla 项目永不停歇的开发步伐又催生了 Firefox 2.0，它以 Gecko 1.8.1 Web 呈现引擎为基础。Firefox 2.0 的一些改进涉及到 XML 处理。本文介绍了最新的 Firefox XML 处理功能，包括开发人员应该记住的可能遇到的主要障碍。
减少了对 Web 提要的控制
Firefox 2.0 一个变化引起了用户社区的极大惊慌。如果提供 RSS 或 Atom 这类 Web 提要，可能需要包括 XSLT 样式表为用户转换成其他表示形式。清单 1 中的 Atom 提要引用了这样的转换。
清单 1. 包含样式表引用的 Atom 提要




http://www.php.cn/;/id>
My Simple Feed
2005-07-15T12:00:00Z


Uche Ogbuji

http://www.php.cn/;/id>
A simple blog entry

2005-07-14T12:00:00Z
This is a simple blog entry


http://www.php.cn/;/id>

<link href="/blog/2005/07/2" />
<updated>2005-07-15T12:00:00Z</updated>
<summary>This is simple blog entry without a title</summary>
</entry>
</feed></pre><p><span class="code"></span><br>关键是第二行中的样式表处理指令（pi）。如果用 firefox 1.5 打开，浏览器就会尽职尽责地加载 atom2html.xslt 并显示结果。本系列文章第 2 部分（请参阅 参考资料）已经提到，查看实际的 xml 必须通过 “查看源代码”。在 firefox 2.0 中，浏览器忽略该样式表 pi 并使用定制的 firefox <a href="http://www.php.cn/code/8708.html" target="_blank">视图</a>查看，如图 1 所示（firefox 2.0.0.6、mac os x 平台上的屏幕截图）。<br><img  src="http://files.jb51.net/file_images/xml/2008101720213890677801.jpg" alt="具体介绍历数Firefox2.0对XML处理的改进的代码实例（图）" ><br>图 1. firefox 2.0 内置的 web 提要视图<br>避免这种情况并强制使用所选样式表，惟一的办法就是愚弄头脑简单的 firefox，它通过在文件前 512 个字节中查找 “rss” 或 “feed” 来判定是否为 web 提要。清单 2 采用了一种广为人知的办法，专门插入一段<a href="http://www.php.cn/code/8105.html" target="_blank">注释</a>来填充这 512 个字节。<br><strong>清单 2. 绕过 firefox 2.0 和 internet explorer 7 默认样式表处理方式的 atom 提要</strong><br><span class="code"></span></p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- Firefox 2.0 and Internet Explorer 7 use simplistic feed sniffing to override desired
presentation behavior for this feed, and thus we are obliged to insert this comment, a
bit of a waste of bandwidth, unfortunately. This should ensure that the following
stylesheet processing instruction is honored by these new browser versions. For some more
background you might want to visit the following bug report:
http://www.php.cn/
-->
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xml" href="atom2html.xslt"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
xml:lang="en"
xml:base="http://www.example.org">
<!-- content of the feed identical to listing 1, so trimmed -->
</feed></pre><p><span class="code"></span><br>考虑了用户社区的反对意见之后，Firefox 开发人员决定坚持自身的立场，因而这种<a href="http://www.php.cn/php/php-tp-behavior.html" target="_blank">行为</a>方式将保留到未来的 Firefox 版本之中。我个人不喜欢这种方式，您可以阅读有关的争论再决定喜欢与否。值得一提的是，这种做法与 Internet Explorer 和 Apple Safari 有相似之处。<br>
        
        
        
        
                #p#<br><strong>微<a href="http://www.php.cn/java/java-zhaiyao.html" target="_blank">摘要</a></strong><br>微摘要（microsummarie），也称为活动标题（Live Title）是 Firefox 2.0 一种简洁的新特性，可以让浏览器用网站中一些有意义的内容来替换标题，特别是在书签中。比如，IBM developerWorks 的微摘要可以用站点上的最新文章标题代替<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/188.html" target="_blank">静态</a>文字 “developerWorks : IBM's <a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/61.html" target="_blank">resource</a> for developers”。网站可以提供一个微摘要，用户也可自行创建。后一种情况称为 “微摘要<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/230.html" target="_blank">生成器</a>”，也是本文更关注的一点，因为它要求用户端处理 XML 和 XSLT（不熟悉 XML 的人可以重复使用其他人提供的生成器）。清单 3 中的微摘要生成器提取 developerWorks 主打文章的标题。<br>清单 3. 使用 IBM developerWorks 主打文章标题的微摘要生成器<br><span class="code"></span></p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<generator xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/microsummaries/0.1" 
name="IBM developerWorks featured article">
<template>
<xsl:transform xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"
xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<xsl:output method="text"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:text>Featured article:</xsl:text>
<!-- On sites that make wider use of element IDs
you can use more direct and efficient XPaths -->
<xsl:value-of select="//html:a[@class='feature'][1]"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:transform>
</template>
<pages>
<include>http://www.php.cn/[a-zA-Z0-9]*/?</include>
</pages>
</generator></pre><p><span class="code"></span><br>生成器包括两部分：模板和页面信息。模板包括应用于网页的提取微摘要文本的 XSLT 代码。后者指定浏览器把微摘要应用于哪个页面。微摘要是简单的文本，输出指令与此相适应。微摘要的关键在于 XPath //html:a[@class='feature'][1]，查找包含主打文章标题的元素。pages 部分的<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/1548.html" target="_blank">正则表达式</a>保证微摘要可用于网站首页和每个 developerWorks 专区的首页。 

<br>参考资料 提供的一篇教程说明了如何<a href="http://www.php.cn/php/php-tp-install.html" target="_blank">安装</a> 清单 3 这样的微摘要生成器。到目前为止，微摘要还是 Mozilla 特有的特性。<br><strong>SAX 及其他</strong><br>对于那些开发 Mozilla 扩展的人来说，最有意义的是 Mozilla XPCOM 组件系统现在提供了一个 SAX 解析器<a href="http://www.php.cn/css/css-rwd-frameworks.html" target="_blank">框架</a>。如果没有合适的高层处理技术，可以自行开发高效处理 XML 的扩展。XPCOM 集成意味着可以用 C  、JavaScript 或具有 XPCOM 绑定支持的其他任何语言来处理 SAX <a href="http://www.php.cn/php/php-tp-incident.html" target="_blank">事件</a>。<br><strong>OpenSearch</strong><br>OpenSearch 是 Amazon A9 孵化器开发的一个 XML 标准。它提供了几种 XML 格式和其他约定来描述和使用<a href="http://www.php.cn/code/8331.html" target="_blank">搜索</a>引擎。Firefox 一直强力支持可扩展的搜<a href="http://www.php.cn/code/9822.html" target="_blank">索引</a>擎插件，2.0 引入了 OpenSearch 支持，因而可以通过与 Iternet Explorer 及其他浏览器兼容的机制扩展搜索功能。<br>Firefox 支持的 OpenSearch 1.1 目前是 beta 版，为保持与 Firefox 和 OpenSearch 的兼容性，可能需要<a href="http://www.php.cn/php/php-tp-renewal.html" target="_blank">更新</a>。清单 4 提供了对于 IBM developerWorks 的 OpenSearch 描述文档。<br>清单 4. IBM developerWorks 的 OpenSearch 描述文档<br><br><span class="code"></span></p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<OpenSearchDescription xmlns="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">
<ShortName>IBM developerWorks search</ShortName>
<Description>Search IBM developerWorks zones</Description>
<Tags>xml java architecture</Tags>
<InputEncoding>utf-8</InputEncoding>
<Contact>http://www.php.cn/
</Contact>
<!-- The template attribute is split at the "?" for formatting purposes -->
<Url type="text/html" 
template="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/xml/
libraryview.jsp?
search_by={searchTerms}"/>
<Attribution>All content Copyright 2007, IBM developerWorks</Attribution>
</OpenSearchDescription></pre><p><span class="code"></span><br>该文档仅仅说明 IBM developerWorks 提供了一个搜索 URL：</p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/xml/libraryview.jsp?search_by={searchTerms}</pre><p>其中的 {searchTerms} 是一个模板参数，搜索工具将使用搜索项目来代替它。如果搜索 “Firefox XML”，URL 将变成：</p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/xml/libraryview.jsp?search_by=Firefox XML</pre><p>OpenSearch 规范了定义了这种 URL 模板系统。OpenSearch 还定义了把结果返回为 RSS 2.0 或 Atom 1.0 提要的约定和几种专用的扩展。Firefox 还不支持这种 Web 提要搜索结果，如果描述不含 Url 元素和 type="text/html"（表示从 URL 返回的内容类型）则返回错误。这种限制很不合理，但也可能是基于多数人仍然通过传统 HTML 表单和结果页面而不是 Web 2.0 机制搜索的现实考量。 </p><div class="aritcle_card flexRow">
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<p>在 Firefox 2.0 中，清单 4 这样的 OpenSearch 描述就像是完整的搜索引擎插件。网站可以使用页面头部的链接指定这样的描述，比如：<br><span class="code"></span></p><pre class="brush:xml;toolbar:false"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription xml" 
title="IBM developerWorks" 
href="/path/to/opensearch/description/document.xml"/></pre><p><span class="code"> </span><br><strong>注意</strong>：前面的三行代码通常显示为一行。为了便于显示和打印而分解成多行。<br><strong>结束语</strong><br>仍在 alpha 测试阶段的 Firefox 3.0 将带来更重要的 XML 特性。预计将在 2008 年上半年发布完整的版本。包括关于 XML 处理的重要 bug 修正和新的特性，当它成为主流 Firefox 版本的时候我将继续讨论。Mozilla 核心 XML 工具箱仍然在不断改进，对于涉及 XML 技术的开发人员和用户来说是一大福音。对于多数用户和开发人员来说，Web 浏览器是 XML 处理的脸面，本系列文章讲继续追踪和讨论最新 Firefox 版本的相关特性。<br><br></p>					</div>
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