本篇文章给大家带来的内容是关于django开发之mongodb的配置与使用，有一定的参考价值，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望对你有所帮助。
今天整理了一下在django项目中如何使用mongodb, 环境如下：ubuntu18.04, django2.0.5, drf3.9, mongoengine0.16
第一步：在settings.py中配置mongodb和mysql,配置如下(可以同时使用mysql和mongodb):
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 数据库引擎
'NAME': 'django_test2', # 你要存储数据的库名，事先要创建之
'USER': 'root', # 数据库用户名
'PASSWORD': 'wyzane', # 密码
'HOST': 'localhost', # 主机
'PORT': '3306', # 数据库使用的端口
},
'mongotest': {
'ENGINE': None,
}
}
import mongoengine
# 连接mongodb中数据库名称为mongotest5的数据库
conn = mongoengine.connect("mongotest")第二步：向mongodb中插入数据
1、插入json类型数据
models.py:
import mongoengine
class StudentModel(mongoengine.Document):
name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
age = mongoengine.IntField()
password = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
views.py:
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class FirstMongoView(APIView):
def post(self, request):
name = request.data["name"]
age = request.data["age"]
password = request.data["password"]
StudentModel.objects.create(name=name, age=age, password=password)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))插入数据格式为:
{
"name": "nihao",
"age": 18,
"password": "123456"
}2、插入含有list的json数据
models.py:
import mongoengine
class Student2Model(mongoengine.Document):
name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
# 用于存储list类型的数据
score = mongoengine.ListField()
views.py:
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class FirstMongo2View(APIView):
def post(self, request):
name = request.data["name"]
score = request.data["score"]
Student2Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))插入数据格式为：
{
"name": "test",
"score": [12, 13]
}3、插入含有dict和list的复杂json数据
models.py:
import mongoengine
class Student3Model(mongoengine.Document):
name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
# DictField用于存储字典类型的数据
score = mongoengine.DictField()
views.py:
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class FirstMongo3View(APIView):
def post(self, request):
name = request.data["name"]
score = request.data["score"]
Student3Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))插入数据格式为:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": 13}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": 14}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": 18}}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": [12,13,14]}}}
}第三步：查询mongodb中的数据
1、查询并序列化复杂json数据
serializers.py:
class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
score = serializers.DictField() # 序列化复杂的json数据
# DictField与EmbeddedDocumentField类似，但是比EmbeddedDocumentField更灵活
views.py:
class FirstMongo4View(APIView):
def get(self, request):
student_info = Student3Model.objects.all()
# 增加过滤条件
# student_info = Student3Model.objects.filter(name="test1")
ser = StudentSerializer(instance=student_info, many=True)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))2.序列化mongodb中含有嵌套关系的两个document
models.py:
class AuthorModel(mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument):
author_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
age = mongoengine.IntField()
class BookModel(mongoengine.Document):
book_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=64)
publish = mongoengine.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
words = mongoengine.IntField()
author = mongoengine.EmbeddedDocumentField(AuthorModel)
serializers.py: 序列化时注意与rest_framework的序列化中DictField()的区别
from rest_framework_mongoengine import serializers as s1
class AuthorSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):
# DocumentSerializer继承自drf中的ModelSerializer，用于代替ModelSerializer序列化mongodb中的document.
# 具体可以到官网上查看
class Meta:
model = AuthorModel
fields = ('author_name', 'age')
class BookSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):
author = AuthorSerializer()
class Meta:
model = BookModel
fields = ('book_name', 'publish', 'words', 'author')
AuthorSerializer还可以这样写:
class AuthorSerializer(s1.EmbeddedDocumentSerializer):
# EmbeddedDocumentSerializer继承了DocumentSerializer
class Meta:
model = AuthorModel
fields = ('author_name', 'age')
views.py:
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
"""
查询数据
:param request:
:return:
"""
books = BookModel.objects.all()
ser = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))序列化mongodb中相关联的两个表时，如果序列化器继承自rest_framework中的Serializer和ModelSerializer，会抛出如下异常：
Django serialization to JSON error: 'MetaDict' object has no attribute 'concrete_model'
此时，序列化器需要继承自rest_framework_mongoengine的类，具体可以查看官网：
http://umutbozkurt.github.io/...
