LRU是Least Recently Used 的缩写，翻译过来就是“最近最少使用”，LRU缓存就是使用这种原理实现，简单的说就是缓存一定量的数据，当超过设定的阈值时就把一些过期的数据删除掉。
比如我们缓存10000条数据，当数据小于10000时可以随意添加，当超过10000时就需要把新的数据添加进来，同时要把过期数据删除，以确保我们最大缓存10000条，那怎么确定删除哪条过期数据呢，采用LRU算法实现的话就是将最老的数据删掉。
下面来说下Java版的LRU缓存实现：（推荐：java视频教程）
Java里面实现LRU缓存通常有两种选择，一种是使用LinkedHashMap，一种是自己设计数据结构，使用链表+HashMap
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LRU Cache的LinkedHashMap实现
LinkedHashMap自身已经实现了顺序存储，默认情况下是按照元素的添加顺序存储，也可以启用按照访问顺序存储，即最近读取的数据放在最前面，最早读取的数据放在最后面，然后它还有一个判断是否删除最老数据的方法，默认是返回false，即不删除数据。
我们使用LinkedHashMap实现LRU缓存的方法就是对LinkedHashMap实现简单的扩展，扩展方式有两种，一种是inheritance，一种是delegation。
//LinkedHashMap的一个构造函数，当参数accessOrder为true时，即会按照访问顺序排序，最近访问的放在最前，最早访问的放在后面
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
}
//LinkedHashMap自带的判断是否删除最老的元素方法，默认返回false，即不删除老数据
//我们要做的就是重写这个方法，当满足一定条件时删除老数据
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
return false;
}LRU缓存LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现
采用inheritance方式实现比较简单，而且实现了Map接口，在多线程环境使用时可以使用 Collections.synchronizedMap()方法实现线程安全操作
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15.
*/
public class LRUCache2<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
public LRUCache2(int cacheSize) {
super((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75) + 1, 0.75f, true);
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
}
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}这样算是比较标准的实现吧，实际使用中这样写还是有些繁琐，更实用的方法时像下面这样写，省去了单独见一个类的麻烦
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final int cacheSize = 100;
Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>((int) Math.ceil(cacheSize / 0.75f) + 1, 0.75f, true) {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};LRU缓存LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现
delegation方式实现更加优雅一些，但是由于没有实现Map接口，所以线程同步就需要自己搞定了
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-13.
*/
public class LRUCache3<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
private final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
LinkedHashMap<K, V> map;
public LRUCache3(int cacheSize) {
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
//根据cacheSize和加载因子计算hashmap的capactiy，+1确保当达到cacheSize上限时不会触发hashmap的扩容，
int capacity = (int) Math.ceil(MAX_CACHE_SIZE / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1;
map = new LinkedHashMap(capacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true) {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
}
};
}
public synchronized void put(K key, V value) {
map.put(key, value);
}
public synchronized V get(K key) {
return map.get(key);
}
public synchronized void remove(K key) {
map.remove(key);
}
public synchronized Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> getAll() {
return map.entrySet();
}
public synchronized int size() {
return map.size();
}
public synchronized void clear() {
map.clear();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}LRU Cache的链表+HashMap实现
注：此实现为非线程安全，若在多线程环境下使用需要在相关方法上添加synchronized以实现线程安全操作
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-12.
*/
public class LRUCache1<K, V> {
private final int MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
private Entry first;
private Entry last;
private HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>> hashMap;
public LRUCache1(int cacheSize) {
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = cacheSize;
hashMap = new HashMap<K, Entry<K, V>>();
}
public void put(K key, V value) {
Entry entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry == null) {
if (hashMap.size() >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
hashMap.remove(last.key);
removeLast();
}
entry = new Entry();
entry.key = key;
}
entry.value = value;
moveToFirst(entry);
hashMap.put(key, entry);
}
public V get(K key) {
Entry<K, V> entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry == null) return null;
moveToFirst(entry);
return entry.value;
}
public void remove(K key) {
Entry entry = getEntry(key);
if (entry != null) {
if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next;
if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre;
if (entry == first) first = entry.next;
if (entry == last) last = entry.pre;
}
hashMap.remove(key);
}
private void moveToFirst(Entry entry) {
if (entry == first) return;
if (entry.pre != null) entry.pre.next = entry.next;
if (entry.next != null) entry.next.pre = entry.pre;
if (entry == last) last = last.pre;
if (first == null || last == null) {
first = last = entry;
return;
}
entry.next = first;
first.pre = entry;
first = entry;
entry.pre = null;
}
private void removeLast() {
if (last != null) {
last = last.pre;
if (last == null) first = null;
else last.next = null;
}
}
private Entry<K, V> getEntry(K key) {
return hashMap.get(key);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Entry entry = first;
while (entry != null) {
sb.append(String.format("%s:%s ", entry.key, entry.value));
entry = entry.next;
}
return sb.toString();
}
class Entry<K, V> {
public Entry pre;
public Entry next;
public K key;
public V value;
}
}LinkedHashMap的FIFO实现
FIFO是First Input First Output的缩写，也就是常说的先入先出，默认情况下LinkedHashMap就是按照添加顺序保存，我们只需重写下removeEldestEntry方法即可轻松实现一个FIFO缓存，简化版的实现代码如下
final int cacheSize = 5;
LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};调用示例
测试代码
package cn.lzrabbit.structure.lru;
import cn.lzrabbit.ITest;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by liuzhao on 14-5-15.
*/
public class LRUCacheTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("start...");
lruCache1();
lruCache2();
lruCache3();
lruCache4();
System.out.println("over...");
}
static void lruCache1() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU 链表实现===========================");
LRUCache1<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache1(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static <T> void lruCache2() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现===========================");
LRUCache2<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache2(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static void lruCache3() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现===========================");
LRUCache3<Integer, String> lru = new LRUCache3(5);
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
static void lruCache4() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现===========================");
final int cacheSize = 5;
LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> lru = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, String>() {
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<Integer, String> eldest) {
return size() > cacheSize;
}
};
lru.put(1, "11");
lru.put(2, "11");
lru.put(3, "11");
lru.put(4, "11");
lru.put(5, "11");
System.out.println(lru.toString());
lru.put(6, "66");
lru.get(2);
lru.put(7, "77");
lru.get(4);
System.out.println(lru.toString());
System.out.println();
}
}运行结果
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\bin\java" -Didea.launcher.port=7535 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_10\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\test-classes;D:\SVN\projects\Java\Java.Algorithm\target\classes;C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 13.0.2\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain Main
start...
===========================LRU 链表实现===========================
5:11 4:11 3:11 2:11 1:11
4:11 7:77 2:11 6:66 5:11
===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(inheritance)实现===========================
1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11
5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11
===========================LRU LinkedHashMap(delegation)实现===========================
1:11 2:11 3:11 4:11 5:11
5:11 6:66 2:11 7:77 4:11
===========================FIFO LinkedHashMap默认实现===========================
{1=11, 2=11, 3=11, 4=11, 5=11}
{3=11, 4=11, 5=11, 6=66, 7=77}
over...
Process finished with exit code 0 
