C++程序以找出将所有单元格转换为黑色所需的迭代次数

假设，我们有一个包含两种类型单元格的网格；黑细胞和白细胞。黑色单元格表示为“#”，白色单元格表示为“.”。网格以字符串数组形式提供给我们。现在，我们必须执行以下操作。

• 我们将每个白色单元格转换为黑色单元格，并与黑色单元格共享一侧。我们执行此操作，直到网格的每个单元格都变成黑色。

• 我们计算将网格的所有单元格转换为黑色所需的迭代次数。一开始的网格必须包含一个黑色单元格。

因此，如果输入类似于 h = 4, w = 4, grid = {"#..." , ".#.." , "....", "...#"}

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那么输出将为3。

需要3次迭代才能转换所有单元格为黑色。

步骤

为了解决这个问题，我们将按照以下步骤操作 -

Define an array dx of size: 4 containing := { 1, 0, - 1, 0 }
Define an array dy of size: 4 containing := { 0, 1, 0, - 1 }
Define one 2D array distance
Define one queue q that contain integer pairs
for initialize i := 0, when i < h, update (increase i by 1), do:
   for initialize j := 0, when j < w, update (increase j by 1), do:
      if grid[i, j] is same as '#', then:
         distance[i, j] := 0
         insert one pair(i, j) into q
while (not q is empty), do:
   first element of auto now = q
   delete element from q
   for initialize dir := 0, when dir < 4, update (increase dir by 1), do:
      cx := first value of now + dx[dir]
      cy := second value of now + dy[dir]
      if cx < 0 or cx >= h or cy < 0 or cy >= w, then:
         if distance[cx, cy] is same as -1, then:
            distance[cx, cy] := distance[first value of now, second value of now] + 1
         insert one pair (cx, cy) into q
ans := 0
for initialize i := 0, when i < h, update (increase i by 1), do:
   for initialize j := 0, when j < w, update (increase j by 1), do:
      ans := maximum of ans and distance[i, j]
print(ans)

示例

让我们看下面的实现以获得更好的理解 −

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

void solve(int h, int w, vector <string> grid){
   int dx[4] = { 1, 0, -1, 0 };
   int dy[4] = { 0, 1, 0, -1 };
   vector<vector<int>> distance(h, vector<int>(w, -1));
   queue<pair<int, int>> q;
   for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) {
         if (grid[i][j] == '#') {
            distance[i][j] = 0;
            q.push(pair<int, int>(i,j));
         }
      }
   }
   while (!q.empty()) {
      auto now = q.front();
      q.pop();
      for (int dir = 0; dir < 4; dir++) {
         int cx = now.first + dx[dir];
         int cy = now.second + dy[dir];
         if (cx < 0 || cx >= h || cy < 0 || cy >= w) continue;
         if (distance[cx][cy] == -1) {
            distance[cx][cy] = distance[now.first][now.second] + 1;
            q.push(pair<int, int> (cx, cy));
         }
      }
   }
   int ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
         ans = max(ans, distance[i][j]);
      }
   }
   cout << ans << endl;
}
int main() {
   int h = 4, w = 4; vector<string>
   grid = {"#...", ".#.." , "....", "...#"};
   solve(h, w, grid);
   return 0;
}

输入

4, 4, {"#...", ".#.." , "....", "...#"}

输出

3