在现代软件开发中，Docker已经成为了一个不可或缺的工具，它能够帮助开发人员快速构建、部署和管理应用程序。而Golang作为一种高效、简洁的编程语言，也备受开发者的青睐。那么，如何在Docker中使用Golang开发应用程序呢？本文将为大家介绍如何编写一个Golang应用程序的Dockerfile，并利用chromedp库实现Web自动化测试。如果你对Golang、Docker以及Web自动化测试感兴趣的话，不妨继续往下看。
问题内容
我有一个 golang 代码，它使用 chromedp 连接到用户的本地 chrome 这是我的代码：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"time"
"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
api := gin.default()
api.get("api/jwt", func(c *gin.context) {
opts := append(chromedp.defaultexecallocatoroptions[:],
chromedp.flag("headless", false),
chromedp.flag("disable-gpu", true),
chromedp.flag("no-sandbox", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-dev-shm-usage", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-browser-side-navigation", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-infobars", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-extensions", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-notifications", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-default-apps", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-background-timer-throttling", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows", true),
chromedp.flag("disable-renderer-backgrounding", true),
)
allocctx, cancel := chromedp.newexecallocator(context.background(), opts...)
defer cancel()
ctx, cancel := chromedp.newcontext(allocctx)
defer cancel()
var localstoragedata string // declaração da variável localstoragedata
err := chromedp.run(ctx,
chromedp.navigate("https://csonlinetenant.b2clogin.com/csonlinetenant.onmicrosoft.com/oauth2/v2.0/authorize"),
chromedp.sleep(5*time.second),
chromedp.waitvisible(`#fgh`),
chromedp.sendkeys(`#fghfg`, "fghfgh"),
chromedp.sendkeys(`#xcvxcv`, "xcxcvcxv"),
chromedp.click(`#thgh`, chromedp.byid),
chromedp.sleep(5*time.second),
chromedp.click(`dfgd`, chromedp.byid),
chromedp.sleep(15*time.second),
chromedp.evaluateasdevtools(`localstorage.getitem('c')`, &localstoragedata),
)
if err != nil {
log.printf("error: %v", err)
return
}
fmt.println("bearer", localstoragedata)
// restante do código...
c.json(200, gin.h{
"success": localstoragedata,
})
})
listenaddr := os.getenv("listen")
if val, ok := os.lookupenv("functions_customhandler_port"); ok {
listenaddr = ":" + val
}
if listenaddr == "" {
listenaddr = ":8080"
}
api.run(listenaddr)
}
所以我制作了一个 dockerfile，其中包含我的客户使用此应用程序所需的内容（我安装了 chrome 并在图像中构建了我的 golang）
docker 文件：
from golang:1.20 as build-stage
workdir /app
# instale as dependências do chrome
run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
&& echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
run apt-get update && apt-get -y install google-chrome-stable
run chrome &
copy go.mod go.sum ./
run go mod download
copy *.go ./
run cgo_enabled=0 goos=linux go build -o /dockergo
# run the tests in the container
from build-stage as run-test-stage
run go test -v ./...
# deploy the application binary into a lean image
from gcr.io/distroless/base-debian11 as build-release-stage
workdir /
copy --from=build-stage /dockergo /dockergo
expose 8080
user nonroot:nonroot
entrypoint ["/dockergo"]
图像构建成功并且没有令人头痛的情况 但是当在本地测试 docker 映像时，我收到此错误：
Error: exec: "google-chrome": executable file not found in $PATH
这个错误是什么意思？我的 chrome 没有运行？我怎样才能运行它？
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解决方法
chrome浏览器仅安装在build-stage中。它在 build-release-stage 创建的最终映像中不可用。
我尝试使用此 dockerfile 安装 chrome：
# deploy the application binary into a lean image
from gcr.io/distroless/base-debian11 as build-release-stage
run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
&& echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
run apt-get update && apt-get -y install google-chrome-stable
run chrome &
但失败并显示以下消息：
... step 2/4 : run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - && echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list ---> running in 7596202a5684 failed to create shim task: oci runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "/bin/sh": stat /bin/sh: no such file or directory: unknown
我认为你必须选择另一个可以轻松安装 chrome 的基础映像。更好的选择是使用 chromedp/headless-shell 作为基础镜像。该图像包含 chrome 的无头 shell，该 shell 非常小。下面的演示 dockerfile 还显示了首先编译测试二进制文件，然后在 chromedp/headless-shell 映像中运行测试：
FROM golang:1.20.5-buster AS build-stage WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o dockergo # Build the test binary RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o dockergo.test # Run the tests in the container FROM chromedp/headless-shell:114.0.5735.199 AS run-test-stage WORKDIR /app # Copy other files that is needed to run the test (testdata?). COPY . . COPY --from=build-stage /app/dockergo.test ./dockergo.test RUN /app/dockergo.test -test.v # Deploy the application binary into a lean image FROM chromedp/headless-shell:114.0.5735.199 AS build-release-stage COPY --from=build-stage /app/dockergo /dockergo EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT ["/dockergo"]
