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mysql toolkit 是一个小插件，用于对数据库进行监控，分析的小工具， 通常都是调用 perl 对当前的环境，数据库进行分析，比对，值得学习一下。
下载地址
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/percona-toolkit/LATEST/RPM/percona-toolkit-2.2.5-2.noarch.rpm
安装时可能需要补充下面软件
yum install -y perl-DBD-mysql perl-IO-Socket-SSLrpm -ivh percona-toolkit-2.2.5-2.noarch.rpm
命令列表
/usr/bin/pt-agent/usr/bin/pt-align/usr/bin/pt-archiver/usr/bin/pt-config-diff/usr/bin/pt-deadlock-logger/usr/bin/pt-diskstats/usr/bin/pt-duplicate-key-checker/usr/bin/pt-fifo-split/usr/bin/pt-find/usr/bin/pt-fingerprint/usr/bin/pt-fk-error-logger/usr/bin/pt-heartbeat/usr/bin/pt-index-usage/usr/bin/pt-ioprofile/usr/bin/pt-kill/usr/bin/pt-mext/usr/bin/pt-mysql-summary/usr/bin/pt-online-schema-change/usr/bin/pt-pmp/usr/bin/pt-query-digest/usr/bin/pt-show-grants/usr/bin/pt-sift/usr/bin/pt-slave-delay/usr/bin/pt-slave-find/usr/bin/pt-slave-restart/usr/bin/pt-stalk/usr/bin/pt-summary/usr/bin/pt-table-checksum/usr/bin/pt-table-sync/usr/bin/pt-table-usage/usr/bin/pt-upgrade/usr/bin/pt-variable-advisor/usr/bin/pt-visual-explain
语法及作用 (颜色红色表示需关注，蓝色表示作用不大)
/usr/bin/pt-align
用于对文件进行格式化输出
如文件 t 内容如下
[root@db2 aaa]# cat ta abc aaa 123d2 5 d2wf wwwxcca233 ddcqq 55 23ds2 55aaa 5tty655 ccqqq
格式化后输出如下
[root@db2 aaa]# /usr/bin/pt-align ta abc aaa 123d2 5 d2wf wwwxcca233 ddcqq 55 23ds2 55aaa 5tty655 ccqqq
/usr/bin/pt-archiver
把一个库中的表复制到另外一个服务器中
下面例子把 192.168.200.163 中 dbd.t1 复制至 192.168.200.171 中
[root@db2 ~]# /usr/bin/pt-archiver --source h=192.168.200.163,D=dbd,t=t1,u=terry,p=123 --dest h=192.168.200.171,D=dbd,t=t1,u=terry,p=123 --where "1=1"
注，必须在 source 中为表创建索引，否则报下面错误信息
Cannot find an ascendable index in table at /usr/bin/pt-archiver line 3175.
/usr/bin/pt-config-diff
用于显示两台数据库中配置文件不一样的地方
[root@db2 ~]# /usr/bin/pt-config-diff h=192.168.200.163 h=192.168.200.171 --user=root --password=1235 config differencesVariable db2.mytest.com db4========================= ======================= ============general_log_file db2.log db4.loghostname db2.mytest.com db4log_error /mdb/db2.mytest.com.err /mdb/db4.errslow_query_log_file db2-slow.log db4-slow.logwsrep_node_name db2.mytest.com db4
/usr/bin/pt-deadlock-logger
能够长期记录死锁信息到另外一个表中, 创建表格式如下
CREATE TABLE monitor.deadlocks ( server char(20) NOT NULL, ts datetime NOT NULL, thread int unsigned NOT NULL, txn_id bigint unsigned NOT NULL, txn_time smallint unsigned NOT NULL, user char(16) NOT NULL, hostname char(20) NOT NULL, ip char(15) NOT NULL, -- alternatively, ip int unsigned NOT NULL db char(64) NOT NULL, tbl char(64) NOT NULL, idx char(64) NOT NULL, lock_type char(16) NOT NULL, lock_mode char(1) NOT NULL, wait_hold char(1) NOT NULL, victim tinyint unsigned NOT NULL, query text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (server,ts,thread) ) ENGINE=InnoDB
语法
pt-deadlock-logger h=10.1.1.29 --dest h=10.1.1.29,D=monitor,t=deadlocks --user=terry --ask-pass
注: 当前需安装 perl-Term-ReadKey 应用才能够支持密码输入
用户 terry 除授权对 daedlocks 表具备写操作还需要具备 process 权限
参考发生死锁时候的信息:
mysql> select * from monitor.deadlocks /G*************************** 1. row *************************** server: 10.1.1.29 ts: 2013-12-16 03:41:05 thread: 24473 txn_id: 0 txn_time: 5 user: mini189 hostname: ip: 10.1.1.25 db: 189mini tbl: index_species_situaction idx: GEN_CLUST_INDEXlock_type: RECORDlock_mode: Xwait_hold: w victim: 0 query: update index_species_situaction s set s.new_version= '13121603410024300001' where s.new_version != 'DELETE' and s.species_id ='W6021601'*************************** 2. row *************************** server: 10.1.1.29 ts: 2013-12-16 03:41:05 thread: 25270 txn_id: 0 txn_time: 5 user: mini189 hostname: ip: 10.1.1.25 db: 189mini tbl: index_species_situaction idx: GEN_CLUST_INDEXlock_type: RECORDlock_mode: Xwait_hold: w victim: 1 query: update INDEX_SPECIES_SITUACTION h set h.new_version='DELETE' where h.specification_id = NAME_CONST('_specification_id',_utf8'S5F60811' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci') and h.species_id= NAME_CONST('_species_id',_utf8'W6045FF3' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci')2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
/usr/bin/pt-diskstats
调用 /proc/diskstats 文件用于监控磁盘io
直接执行命令则返回下面信息
/usr/bin/pt-diskstats #ts device rd_s rd_avkb rd_mb_s rd_mrg rd_cnc rd_rt wr_s wr_avkb wr_mb_s wr_mrg wr_cnc wr_rt busy in_prg io_s qtime stime 1.0 sda 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 7.0 8.0 0.1 50% 0.1 8.6 4% 0 7.0 5.7 2.9 1.0 sda2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 7.0 8.0 0.1 50% 0.1 8.6 4% 0 7.0 5.7 2.9 1.0 dm-0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 dm-2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 0% 0.1 20.0 3% 0 4.0 11.2 8.8 1.0 dm-3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 10.0 4.0 0.0 0% 0.2 19.0 4% 0 10.0 14.9 4.1 1.0 dm-4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 dm-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 drbd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 sda 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 4.0 6.0 0.0 33% 0.0 5.3 3% 0 4.0 0.0 5.3 1.0 sda2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 4.0 6.0 0.0 33% 0.0 5.3 3% 0 4.0 0.0 5.3 1.0 dm-0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 0% 0.0 7.3 1% 0 3.0 2.7 4.7 1.0 dm-2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 dm-3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 dm-4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 dm-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 0% 0.0 10.0 2% 0 3.0 4.0 6.0 1.0 drbd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0% 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
/usr/bin/pt-duplicate-key-checker
能够快速校验某个数据库或表具有多少个索引
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-duplicate-key-checker h=10.1.1.29 --database=189mini --user=terry --password=terry123# ######################################################################### Summary of indexes# ######################################################################### Total Indexes 262
/usr/bin/pt-find
类似 linux 下 find 功能，能够根据需要对数据库中表进行过滤，搜索
查询表大小
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-find --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --user=terry --password=terry123 --tablesize +1M`189mini`.`pre_ware_broswers``189mini`.`system_regions``crazy`.`sys_log_bs`
最近 3 天内创建的表
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-find --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --user=terry --password=terry123 --ctime -3`monitor`.`deadlocks``xszl`.`appreleasetable``xszl`.`bulletintable``xszl`.`companytable`
最近 35 分钟内修改过的表
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-find --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --user=terry --password=terry123 --mmin -35`mysql`.`db``mysql`.`user`
数据库中空的表
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-find --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --user=terry --password=terry123 --empty`189mini`.`ware_tag_assign``189mini`.`ware_tag_content``monitor`.`deadlocks``mysql`.`columns_priv``mysql`.`event`
/usr/bin/pt-fk-error-logger
用于检测外键报错信息, 需创建下面相关表进行数据存储
CREATE TABLE foreign_key_errors ( ts datetime NOT NULL, error text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (ts))
语法测试
pt-fk-error-logger h=10.1.1.29 --dest h=10.1.1.29,D=monitor,t=foreign_key_errors --user=terry --ask-pass
注: 用户 terry 除授权对 foreign_key_errors 表具备写操作还需要具备 process 权限
参考下面返回信息
MariaDB [terry]> select * from monitor.foreign_key_errors /G*************************** 1. row *************************** ts: 2013-12-20 10:32:42error: Transaction:TRANSACTION 2F1D0, ACTIVE 0 sec insertingmysql tables in use 1, locked 13 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 1 row lock(s), undo log entries 1MySQL thread id 1329, OS thread handle 0x7fe89805a700, query id 7612 localhost root updateinsert into t4 values (5, 'aaaaa')Foreign key constraint fails for table `terry`.`t4`:, CONSTRAINT `t4_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`id`) REFERENCES `t3` (`id`)Trying to add in child table, in index `id` tuple:DATA TUPLE: 2 fields; 0: len 4; hex 80000005; asc ;; 1: len 6; hex 0000000007e9; asc ;;But in parent table `terry`.`t3`, in index `PRIMARY`,the closest match we can find is record:PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 80000004; asc ;; 1: len 6; hex 00000002f1cd; asc ;; 2: len 7; hex f4000001a90134; asc 4;; 3: len 1; hex 64; asc d;;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
/usr/bin/pt-heartbeat
用于监控 ab 复制延时信息，需创建下面表用于信息存储
CREATE TABLE heartbeat ( ts varchar(26) NOT NULL, server_id int unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, file varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW MASTER STATUS position bigint unsigned DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW MASTER STATUS relay_master_log_file varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW SLAVE STATUS exec_master_log_pos bigint unsigned DEFAULT NULL -- SHOW SLAVE STATUS );
/usr/bin/pt-index-usage
根据日志分析查询过程中是否使用到索引
/usr/bin/pt-ioprofile
分析并打印最近活跃的 IO 与相关进程信息 （只针对 mysql 进程）
[root@mini189a ~]# pt-ioprofile2013年 12月 20日 星期五 11:27:52 CSTTracing process ID 44802 total read pwrite write fsync open close getdents lseek ftruncate filename 0.190553 0.000000 0.000903 0.000000 0.189650 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 /data/ibdata1 0.107560 0.000000 0.000297 0.000000 0.107263 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 /data/ib_logfile0 0.027070 0.000000 0.000000 0.027070 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 /var/log/mysqld/mysql5-access.log 0.015691 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000689 0.000480 0.014522 0.000000 0.000000 /data/189mini/ 0.000362 0.000058 0.000000 0.000159 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000081 0.000064 /tmp/ib4I3wV6 0.000192 0.000000 0.000000 0.000192 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 /data/mysql5.000097 0.000030 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000030 0.000000 /tmp/ibiybk6Q
/usr/bin/pt-kill
用于 kill 某些指定的 SQL 查询
/usr/bin/pt-mext
用于记录固定时间间隔内 status 返回值的变化 (下面例子将会计算 10 秒内的变化)
pt-mext -r -- mysqladmin -p'password' --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket ext -i10 -c2 | awk '{ if ($3 !~0) print $0}'Com_select 19446417 198Com_show_status 11 1Created_tmp_tables 1015031 1Handler_commit 20829923 198Handler_read_first 21935275 198Handler_read_key 83253660 198Handler_read_rnd_next 25490412028 257632Handler_write 63925147 294Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests 25739644905 259716Innodb_rows_read 25421266296 257116Qcache_not_cached 18701233 198Queries 28860341 199Questions 22720514 199Select_scan 19915354 199Table_locks_immediate 21238032 19/usr/bin/pt-mysql-summary
给当前数据库进行一些数据统计，不一一对统计进行讨论
注: 执行该命令时，需要调用 mysqldump, 需具备 mysqldump 命令执行路径
pt-mysql-summary --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --password='password' Database Tables Views SPs Trigs Funcs FKs Partn 189mini 266 10 crazy 14 login 1 monitor 1 mysql 24 #mysql50#lost+found openne 18 test xszl 29 60 Database InnoDB MyISAM CSV 189mini 266 10 crazy 14 login 1 monitor 1 mysql 22 2 #mysql50#lost+found openne 18 test xszl 29 Database BTREE 189mini 280 crazy 14 login 1 monitor 1 mysql 31 #mysql50#lost+found openne 25 test xszl 149
/usr/bin/pt-online-schema-change
允许在不锁定表条件下修改表
/usr/bin/pt-query-digest
从日志中进行 SQL 分析
/usr/bin/pt-show-grants
必须要以管理员身份登录，能够把数据库之前授权信息进行打印
pt-show-grants -p'mini189!QAZ' --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket-- Grants dumped by pt-show-grants-- Dumped from server Localhost via UNIX socket, MySQL 5.5.34-debug-log at 2013-12-20 14:43:22-- Grants for 'crazy'@'10.1.1.%'GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'crazy'@'10.1.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4C1B9FACE717B2947CB8D52B32C3CFE8DA8DD8CB';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `crazy`.* TO 'crazy'@'10.1.1.%';-- Grants for 'mini145'@'%'GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mini145'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*AA2442B2AE9D3C29F895E57F366092819A3F6738';-- Grants for 'mini145'@'10.1.1.%'GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mini145'@'10.1.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*AA2442B2AE9D3C29F895E57F366092819A3F6738';-- Grants for 'minibackup'@'10.1.1.%'GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, SUPER ON *.* TO 'minibackup'@'10.1.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*D5A75D5F1208A6763F64193744F94E57373C128E';
/usr/bin/pt-slave-delay
令从服务器延时复制
/usr/bin/pt-slave-find
校验 mysql 从服务器信息
/usr/bin/pt-slave-restart
监控并重启从服务器
/usr/bin/pt-summary
统计计算机信息，如内存，CPU，网卡，分区，文件节点，IP地址，网线连接状态，端口连接情况，网络连接状态
/usr/bin/pt-summary# Percona Toolkit System Summary Report ###################### Date | 2013-12-20 07:03:47 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800) Hostname | mini189a Uptime | 42 days, 15:11, 2 users, load average: 0.49, 0.47, 0.39 System | HP; ProLiant DL380p Gen8; vNot Specified (Rack Mount Chassis) Service Tag | 6CU304WPZN Platform | Linux Release | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago) Kernel | 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.centos.plus.x86_64Architecture | CPU = 64-bit, OS = 64-bit Threading | NPTL 2.12 Compiler | GNU CC version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4). SELinux | Disabled Virtualized | No virtualization detected# Processor ################################################## Processors | physical = 2, cores = 12, virtual = 24, hyperthreading = yes Speeds | 24x1994.866 Models | 24xIntel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 0 @ 2.00GHz Caches | 24x15360 KB
/usr/bin/pt-table-checksum
MySQL 主从复制校验
/usr/bin/pt-table-sync
进行两个主机中的 MySQL 数据库，或者表数据同步
注， 目标服务器中必须存在与源服务器一样的数据库及表，否则，不存在的不表无法进行同步
pt-table-sync --execute h=192.168.200.163 --database terry h=192.168.200.171 --user=root --password=123
/usr/bin/pt-variable-advisor
给与对数据库参数定义的建议
pt-variable-advisor h=localhost -p'password' --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket# WARN delay_key_write: MyISAM index blocks are never flushed until necessary.# WARN innodb_log_file_size: The InnoDB log file size is set to its default value, which is not usable on production systems.# NOTE log_warnings-2: Log_warnings must be set greater than 1 to log unusual events such as aborted connections.# NOTE max_connect_errors: max_connect_errors should probably be set as large as your platform allows.# WARN slave_net_timeout: This variable is set too high.
/usr/bin/pt-visual-explain
对 sql 进行 explain 分析并以树目录结构显示
