自定义协议（Protocol）的开发方法

开发自定义协议需要明确需求、设计数据格式和传输机制、确保兼容性和可扩展性、优化性能、以及加强安全性。1) 明确需求，因为现有协议可能不满足特定应用场景。2) 设计数据格式和传输机制，如使用二进制格式和udp。3) 确保兼容性和可扩展性，通过预留扩展字段和使用版本号。4) 优化性能，使用数据压缩如gzip。5) 加强安全性，采用加密技术如aes。

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// 自定义协议的数据包结构
public class GamePacket {
    private byte packetType;
    private short playerId;
    private float positionX;
    private float positionY;

    public GamePacket(byte packetType, short playerId, float positionX, float positionY) {
        this.packetType = packetType;
        this.playerId = playerId;
        this.positionX = positionX;
        this.positionY = positionY;
    }

    public byte[] serialize() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(11);
        buffer.put(packetType);
        buffer.putShort(playerId);
        buffer.putFloat(positionX);
        buffer.putFloat(positionY);
        return buffer.array();
    }

    public static GamePacket deserialize(byte[] data) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
        byte packetType = buffer.get();
        short playerId = buffer.getShort();
        float positionX = buffer.getFloat();
        float positionY = buffer.getFloat();
        return new GamePacket(packetType, playerId, positionX, positionY);
    }
}

// 带版本号的协议头
public class ProtocolHeader {
    private byte version;
    private short packetLength;
    private byte packetType;

    public ProtocolHeader(byte version, short packetLength, byte packetType) {
        this.version = version;
        this.packetLength = packetLength;
        this.packetType = packetType;
    }

    public byte[] serialize() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
        buffer.put(version);
        buffer.putShort(packetLength);
        buffer.put(packetType);
        return buffer.array();
    }

    public static ProtocolHeader deserialize(byte[] data) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
        byte version = buffer.get();
        short packetLength = buffer.getShort();
        byte packetType = buffer.get();
        return new ProtocolHeader(version, packetLength, packetType);
    }
}

// 使用gzip压缩数据包
public class CompressedPacket {
    private byte[] compressedData;

    public CompressedPacket(byte[] data) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
        gzipOutputStream.write(data);
        gzipOutputStream.close();
        this.compressedData = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
    }

    public byte[] getCompressedData() {
        return compressedData;
    }

    public static byte[] decompress(byte[] compressedData) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(compressedData);
        GZIPInputStream gzipInputStream = new GZIPInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = gzipInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
    }
}

// 使用AES加密数据包
public class EncryptedPacket {
    private byte[] encryptedData;

    public EncryptedPacket(byte[] data, SecretKey secretKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        this.encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    public byte[] getEncryptedData() {
        return encryptedData;
    }

    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, SecretKey secretKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        return cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
    }
}